Old School Meets New School

Gymnasts, bodyweigth (prison, indian wrestlers). trade workers, farm strength

Old school strongmen (Saxxon)
If a man seriously proposes to go in for lifting heavy weights, he should make a point of practicing certain lifts every day. This daily practice is absolutely essential to the achievement of any real success.”

Eugen Sandow high reps (up to 120!) with light weights every day

Millo and the bull

Arnold did full body 3x a week

Arthur Jones full body 2-3x a week

Bro splits came out with more steroids (and volume)

 

 

MPS

MPS lasts 24-48 hours. Longer in newbie gains 72 hr (baseline) Source

MPS lasts 3 hours (even with elevated BCAAs up to 5 hours) Source

Workout goal is to stimulate/stress for adaption/super compensation

Older and natural 24-36 hours (vs anabolic assistance 24/7). Body adapts. Need more stress.

Still need full body recovery (CNS, etc) and adaption/super compensation (could be another day?)

As you get stronger, the stress/load becomes more.

Eating enough protein in one sitting (20 v 40g) Source

Getting enough protein overcomes older MPS (acts like young MPS response). 30g? Source

Aim for 1.6 g/kg (lean)

 

 

MED x freq (variable) esp for natural and older

Focus on intensity/form/slow and steady progression (lifestyle habit not a quick fix)

 

Progression

main goal. How often to train based on recovery.

Keep it simple.

There is muscle recovery and systemic recovery

Recovery

Lifestyle

stress and hormesis

 

 

 

Reps, Sets & Frequency

 

Or how much lbs

Old school train of thought on reps

It is often recommended that heavier training intensities (∼70%–80% of maximal strength) be lifted to maximize muscle growth. However ACSM 8-12 reps

rapid recruitment of FT fibers, is the large driving force behind the skeletal muscle hypertrophy seen with blood flow restriction, skeletal muscle hypertrophy can be achieved at low intensities without blood flow restriction when taken to muscular failure, the overall volume of work required is much greater than that needed with blood flow restriction.(Loenneke, 2011)

Venous blood flow restriction (VBFR) combined with low intensity resistance exercise (20-30% concentric 1-RM) has been observed to result in skeletal muscle hypertrophy, increased strength, and increased endurance. (Loenneke, 2012)

Body made up of all different kinds of muscle fibers (slow and fast).Most muscles are around 50% slow-twitch, 50% fast-twitch,

When you lift weights, muscle fibers are “recruited”, which means that as repetitions continue and become more difficult, the body demands that more muscle fibers come into play and perform work. At the final repetition, the point of failure, all muscle fibers possible are recruited, and this is the most important step in muscle growth (hypertrophy).

As intensity increases, the fast twitch fibers are activated.

sets must be high effort to recruit and fatigue all fibers. During any set in which you lift a weight to failure, your nervous system will first recruit small/slow motor units and then begin to recruit larger and faster motor units until the force demands are met

hypertrophy in a constant tug of war are mechanical tension and metabolic stress. (Schoenfeld, 2010).

“The last three or four reps is what makes the muscle grow.” ~ Arnold Schwarzenegger

80% vs 30%

The same amount of muscle growth and protein synthesis occurred with 3 sets to failure using 30% and 3 sets to failure using 80% of your maximum load.

80% (8-12 reps), 30% (30-40 reps)

30%-3, 80%-1 , and 80%-3. resulted in similar hypertrophy as a heavy load lifted to failure.Both the 80%-1 and 80%-3 conditions demonstrated a larger increase in 1RM strength compared with the 30%-3 group. (Mitchell, 2012) (graph used)

 

Figure: Mitchell, 2012

The second study showed that training at 30% 1RM to failure increased MPS to the same level as 90% 1RM to failure/

90% of repetition maximum (1RM) until volitional failure (90FAIL), 30% 1RM work-matched to 90%FAIL (30WM), or 30% 1RM performed until volitional failure (30FAIL)

The increase in the rate of protein synthesis in MIX and MYO at 4 h post-exercise with 90FAIL and 30FAIL was greater than 30WM, with no difference between these conditions; (Burd, 2010)

and there are other examples

• Strength responses similar 80% and 50% maximum effort (50% more painful) (Fisher, 2017)
• There were no significant differences between groups who lifted 30-50% RM (20-25 reps) or 75-90% RM (8-12 reps) all to volitional failure in muscle hypertrophy or strength.(Morton, 2016)
• 80% RM (8-12 reps) and 30% (30-40 reps) and mix (switching between the 2) no diff in hypertrophy. No adv to mix. Strength better straight heavy sets. (Fink, 2016)
• Older. 2×80%, 2×20% (80-100 reps) or 1×20% + 1×40% (10-20reps_mix set all to failure. Hypertrophy similar, strength adv 80% vs 20% but dissapear when add 40%(Van Roie, 2013)
• trained men 25-35 reps vs 8-12 reps to failure. Simimlar size, better strength in higher load for bencha nd squat.(Schoenfeld, 2015)
• for women 30–35 reps similiar if not better than 8–10 repetitions (Franco, 2019)
• Hormonal responses for higher reps/intensity in old and young men (link)

We have a lot of evidence showing similar per-set hypertrophy with loads ranging from 30% to ~85% of 1RM, but dipping down to 20% (60 reps) may just be too low to create adequate muscle tension to maximize growth. (Lasevicius, 2018)

Loads ≤50% 1 RM increases in strength and hypertrophy in untrained individuals, heavier (60+%) loading for trained

Rep range does not matter for hypertrophy (at least up to 30 reps/set for trained lifters and 100 reps/set for untrained old people), so long as the effort per set is equal.

we have reported that intensities as low as 30% of maximum strength, when lifted to volitional fatigue/failure , are equally effective at stimulating muscle protein synthesis rates during resistance exercise recovery.

Strength increases are highly specific to the rep ranges used

Now free to choose the weight that best suits you, you can feel the muscle working and is safe. High reps will suck ass to do though

Wrap Up

Heavy lbs not needed (although better for strength gains, but not hypertrophy). Training close to failure more important for lighter weights and more adv trainees.

Strength is load dependent. Lift in the range/load

• Part 1
• Part 2
• Part 3

Sets and Rest

 

Berger 1962: Training 3x/wk. 1, 2, 3 sets. The results showed that three sets (3% increase) and six repetitions per set were best for improving strength. (Berger, 1962)

Also add in rest periods

1vs 3 set: Myofibril protein synthesis (MPS) was increased 5 hours post exercise for both 1 set and 3 sets, but remained up at 29 hours post exercise only for 3 sets. (70% RM) (Burd, 2010)

Figure: Burd NA, 2010

1 SET, 3 SETS, 5 SETS, or control group. 3x/wk. 6months. Results demonstrate a dose-response benefit size/strength/endurance for the number of sets per exercise with 5>3>1. (Radaelli, 2015)

3-set > 1-set for strength/size in legs but not upper body.(Rønnestad, 2007)

Is more better? Are there dimnishing returns?

2 to 3 sets per exercise are associated with 40% greater strength gains than 1 set, in both trained and untrained subjects. There was no significant difference between 2-3 sets per exercise and 4-6 sets per exercise. (Krieger, 2010)

2-3 sets per exercise to be associated with a greater ES than 1 set, and a trend for 4-6 sets per exercise to be associated with a greater ES than 1 set. There was no significant difference between 2-3 sets per exercise and 4-6 sets per exercise.” ~ (Krieger 2010)

Meta: Weekly sets 5, 5-9, 10+, 5 sets = 5.4%, 5-9 = 6.6%, 10+ = 9.8%

The findings indicate a graded dose-response (each additional set performed produces an increased gain of 0.37%.) relationship whereby increases in RT volume produce greater gains in muscle hypertrophy. (Schoenfeld, 2016)

Using rest pause gets results and is more time efficient for multiple sets (esp when using higher reps).

 

As get older and more advanced (not newbie) you need a higher stress signal (volume or load…but load will plateau). Either more sets or higher focus on going to failure with bigger loads (eccentric). This creates more stress and more time for recovery.

Conclusion

2-3 sets seems to have better MPS responses than 1. Using rest pause is a time efficient way to get more sets in. Of course you can still do less sets and get results in a more time efficient manner.

Traditional bro wisdom holds short rest periods of 1-3 minutes are optimal

Rest-pause and drop-sets are good ways of accumulating fatigue quickly. For example, if you are short on time in the gym you could drastically reduce training time and still get in the same amount of total training volume (Prestes et al., 2017). This may not be ideal if you want to work at a high intensity (%1RM), but for hypertrophy it could be enough.

Rest pause

Tempo

Dont need fast or slow tempo, More about TUT for hypertrophy.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8310485/

Frequency

Purpose of training is to stimulate a MPS response

Untrained may not need higher freq compared to well trained (MPS response)

Norwegean freq project. 3 v 6x a week. Not to failure. Same volume. 6x better strength and size. Less fatigue in shorter workouts. More force production.

https://www.strongerbyscience.com/high-frequency-training-for-a-bigger-total-research-on-highly-trained-norwegian-powerlifters/

 

3 v 6x a week compariable results

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30363041/

 

5x vs 2x a week full body. 5x better esp for arms and quads. (link)

2x a day training may help reduce overtraining

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19124903/

 

6x a week vs 1 day (biceps)

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/08/220815085707.htm

Splitting up volume better?

one set of six contractions a day for 5 days a week vs 1 day.small number of eccentric contractions 5 days a week is more effective for increasing muscle strength than performing a larger volume of eccentric contractions once a week. However, it appears that training volume is a factor for muscle hypertrophy in a short-term training.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/sms.14220

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/08/220815085707.htm

Notes: single jointed = less CNS stress (which requires more recovery)

Studies:

Yes, one long session a week can improve strength and muscle……but you can also get the same results in shorter (and more frequent) workouts assuming the volume is the same for both overall. The choice is of course yours

Benefits

Master the habit. 5 min a day more realistic than 1 hour a week.

Strength is s akill (practice with ample recovery)

Discipline > MotivationBuilding the habit of being active

– Increasing circulation (recovery, fat loss and health)
– Focusing on exercises that give best bang for buck
– Practicing movements to be better at (skill)
– Learning to listen to your body (and adjust intensity as needed)
– Increasing daily energy and focus

• skill and better form (safety)
  – Don’t need “pre-workout” supplements for shorter workouts
  – People will start asking you for advice based on your results

 

Burst Blocks

list plans

Strength Bursts

High Rep Bursts (Hypertrophy)

Cardio Bursts

list sample exercises

Recovery Lifestyle

hormesis

Higher reps can act as an increased recovery from higher stress days (esp tendons which need more blood flow). See rehab.

Wrap Up

Thanks. Share. etc

 

FAQs

asdsd